Sex reassignment surgery for male-to-female involves reshaping the male genitals into a form with the appearance of, and as far as possible, the function of female genitalia. Before any surgery, patients usually undergo hormone replacement therapy HRT and, depending on the age at which HRT begins, facial hair removal. There are associated surgeries patients may elect to undergo, including vaginoplasty , facial feminization surgery , breast augmentation and various other procedures. Lili Elbe was the first known recipient of male-to-female sex reassignment surgery, in Germany in She was the subject of four surgeries: one for orchiectomy , one to transplant an ovary , one for penectomy , and one for vaginoplasty and a uterus transplant. However, she died three months after her last operation. Christine Jorgensen was likely the most famous recipient of sex reassignment surgery, having her surgery done in Denmark in late and being outed right afterwards.

Female-to-male surgery is a type of sex reassignment surgery, which is also called gender affirmation surgery or gender-affirming surgery. In this article, we describe female-to-male gender-affirming surgeries. We also discuss recovery and what to expect from a transgender penis. Before having female-to-male gender-affirming surgery, a person will receive testosterone replacement therapy.

Sex reassignment surgery for female-to-male transgender people includes a variety of surgical procedures that alter anatomical traits to provide physical traits more comfortable to the trans man's male identity and functioning. Non-binary people assigned female at birth may also have these surgeries. Often used to refer to phalloplasty , metoidoplasty , or vaginectomy , sex reassignment surgery can also more broadly refer to many procedures an individual may have, such as male chest reconstruction , hysterectomy , or oophorectomy. Sex reassignment surgery is usually preceded by beginning hormone treatment with testosterone. Also called "top surgery", male chest reconstruction is any of a variety of surgeries to remove breast tissue, and provide shaping of a male contoured chest.